关于建设北方新辽大运河的建议
Proposal onConstruction of Xinliao Canal
-------我从新疆坐船去看海
Traveling by ship to Xinjiang
为了响应习总书记和李总理提出的构建“一带一路”的伟大战略构想，为了从根本上长期推动我国新疆，甘肃，宁夏，内蒙，辽宁等地区的经济发展，增进民族团结，巩固国防；为了有效的促进我国同蒙古，哈萨克斯坦，巴基斯坦等中亚国家的经济文化交流，我特向国家建议，修建一条从辽宁锦州出发，途径内蒙古赤峰，克什克腾旗，甘其毛都，居延海，甘肃酒泉，最后进入新疆罗布泊的一条新辽大运河。
In accordance with the grand strategic vision – “One Belt and OneRoad” - proposed by President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang, for thepurpose of fundamentally promoting economic development in Xinjiang UyghurAutonomous Region, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, InnerMongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province, and in order to strengthennational unity, enhance national defense as well as bolster economic andcultural exchange between China and Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Pakistan and otherCentral Asian countries, I would like to propose to construct Xinliao Canal,which starts from Jinzhou in Liaoning, to Lop Nur (Luobupo) in Xijiang, passingthrough Chifeng in Inner Mongolia, Hexigten Banner, Ganqimaodu, Juyan Lake andJiuquan in Gansu.
新辽大运河的建成，将有效的降低我国西部的煤炭，油气，金属矿产等能源和资源向东运输的成本；增加当地水资源的供给；改善西部风砂治理效果，为西部大力发展煤制油，煤制气等煤炭清洁利用产业奠定基础，提高我们国家的油气资源自给率。新辽大运河的建成，还将为整个中亚地区提供一条新的出海口。
If Xinliao Canal is successfully constructed, it willsignificantly reduce the cost of transportation for coal, gas, metal mineralamong other resources from western China to the east. It will also increasewater supply to the western part of the country, as well as better the effectof wind and sand control. Construction of Xinliao Canal will lay a solidfoundation for the clean coal utilization industry by method of coal-generatedoil and coal-generated gas in western China, promoting the country’s capabilityof self-sufficient oil and gas resource. Besides, Xinliao Canal will alsocreate a new outlet to the sea for the Central Asia as a whole.
一、线路：
1. Route
渤海---辽宁锦州---内蒙赤峰---克什克腾旗---甘其毛都---居延海---甘肃酒泉---新疆罗布泊，运河总长度约2500公里。请参考下图黑线部分。
Bohai sea - Jinzhou, Liaoning - Chifeng,Inner Mongolia - Hexigten Banner - Ganqimaodu - Juyan Lake - Jiuquan, Gansu -Lop Nur, Xinjiang
The total length of Xinliao Canal is about 2,500 kilometers. Seethe following chart.
二、运行：
Project Operation:
从锦州到内蒙克什克腾旗200公里，利用管道抽水加铁路组合方式或者利用山谷的优势和船闸的技术，将渤海海水分段从海拔0米提取到1400米；从克什克腾旗到居延海1500公里采用自流的方式，将河槽建立在海拔1400米到1350米的高度上；从居延海经河西走廊到罗布泊800公里通过船闸技术向上提水到1600米后可自行流入罗布泊。根据实际需要和环境评价，运河可截止，也可以淹没整个罗布泊和居延海，再造一个里海和咸水内湖。
In thefirst 200 kilometers of waterway from Jinzhou to Hexigten Banner, by the way ofcombination of pipeline pumping and railway transportation, or by taking the advantage of valley and the technology ofship lock, the sea water(Bohai sea) will be lifted from the horizon to 1400m bysegments. From Hexigten Banner to Juyan Lake, the 1500km waterway will flow byitself in the altitude of 1400m to 1350m. Along 800 kilometers fromJuyanhai through the Hexi Corridor to Lop Nur, through the lock technology,water can be lifted up to 1600 meters high and then can flow by itself into theLop Nur. According to the actual needs and the environmental assessment, thecanal can be ended, it can submerge the entire Lop and Juyanhai , and creatanother Caspian Sea and a saltwater lake.
运河河道设计宽度50米，水深10米，进行防渗漏处理，运河可以运行10000吨以下船只。航运期：每年3月至11月，共9个月；海水淡化采冰期：每年12月至次年2月，共三个月。
The canal is designed 50 meters in width and 10 meters in depthand be leak provention treated which can carry ships weighing of 10000 tons andbelow.
Navigation Duration: From March to November. (Nine month intotal.)
Seawater desalination and ice production duration: From Decemberto February in the following year.(Three months in total)
河道两侧分段建设货运码头，海水淡化工厂，淡水水库，海盐堆场，煤制油或煤制气工厂等。淡水可通过管道运输至需要的城市和工厂。
Both sides of the canal will be dedicated to factories, likefreight terminal, seawater desalination factories, clean water reservoir, seasalt stock yards coal-generated oil factories, coal-generated gas factories,and etc.. Clean water can be transported through tubes to cities and factories.
锦州港作为最重要的转运港口，将西部运出的能源矿产装大船海运，将东部的产品和设备经铁路转小船或直接转小船西运。环渤海主要港口都可作为补充的转运码头。
Jinzhou port is one of the major transporting ports, handling resourcesfrom western China to eastern China by large ships, products and equipmentsfrom the east to the west by combined transportation of railway and small shipsor directly by small ships. Major portsaround Bohai sea can be served as supplementing ports for the canal.
三、功能：
Function
1、航运：西部能源矿产东运，东部产品和设备西运，相比公路和铁路运输，水路运输不仅可以提高货运量，而且可以降低运输成本。另外，海水淡化的副产品海盐，也可以通过船只运出。
Shipping: The canal is served for the shipping of energy naturalresources from western China to the east, and for the transporting of productsand equipments from eastern China to the west. Comparing to road and railwaytransportation, waterway transportation is not only beneficial to increment of freightamount, but also preferable to reduce the transportation costs. Besides, theproducts of the desalination of sea water - sea salt, can also be transportedby ships.
2、补水：目前，渤海海水的含盐量约在3%左右，通过海水综合淡化技术，可以制备97%左右的淡水，从而增加西部淡水资源的供给，为工农业生产提供必要的淡水资源。海水综合淡化技术包括：冬季采冰，电极吸附，反渗透膜过滤，太阳能风能加热等，每吨淡水的淡化成本可以控制在5元以内，如果将航运的盈利补贴到海水淡化项目上，海水淡化的综合成本还可以降低。
Water Supplement: Since the Bohai Sea contains approximately 3% of salt,it is able to prepare 97% of freshwater through integrated sea waterdesalination technology, for increasing freshwater supply to western China andnecessary freshwater resource for industrial and agricultural production. Theintegrated sea water desalination technology includes ice mining in winter,electrode adsorptive method, filtration through reverse osmosis membrane,heating by solar and wind energy and etc..The costs of the desalination per tonof freshwater five yuan and below; if subsidizes earning from shipping to thesea water desalination, it lowers the costs even more.
3、固沙：通过水资源的补充，可以扩大固沙植物的种植面积，增加成活率，从而有效的防治风沙，改善环境。
Stabilization of Sand: The water supply from the project is available toexpand sand-fixation plants and increase their survival ratio, for the purposeof preventing and controlling wind-drift sand in the area and improving theenvironment.
4、造地：我国西部将近三分之一的国土面积，因为缺水无法得到有效开发利用。水资源的补充将可以为我国再造五分之一的农田面积。
Land Reclamation: Nearly one third of the land in western China is notavailable for development and utilization because of short of water. Watersupply from the project will reclaim another one fifth of farmland in China.
5、化工：由于能源需求的不断增长，我国现在将近一半的石油需要进口，煤化工产业作为油气的有效补充，在技术上已经成熟，但我国西部丰富的煤炭资源由于缺水，大大的限制了煤炭加氢液化产业的发展。
Chemical Industry: Since the augmenting need of energy, about half ofoil in China is in need of export. Coal chemical industry is a sufficientsupply for oil and gas through matured technology that is already achieved, yetthe abundant coal resources is constrained by short of water that developmentof coal hydrogenation liquefaction industry is seriously compromised.
运河的修建，不仅可以提供有效的水源，而且可以使整个煤化工产业的成本降低。从而提高我国能源的自给水平。同时，海水淡化后的副产品海盐也可以作为西部相关化工产业的原材料。
Construction of the canal can not only provides sufficient waterresource and reduce costs of the coal chemical industry, but also will raisethe level of self-sufficient energy supply in China. In the meantime, theby-product from desalination - salt, can also be used as raw materials in relevantchemical industries in western China.
6、渔业：在居延海及罗布泊等合适的地方，可以建设几个大型的人工海水湖泊，进行海产品养殖，让西部人民在增加收入的同时还可以吃到新鲜的海鲜。
Fishery: Construction of several large artificial seawater lakes can be allottedin Juyan Lake and Lop Nur for marine products and aquiculture, so that thefresh sea food will be available for the western residents, which, in themeantime, is another source of income for the locals.
7、渤海：一是可以缩短我国渤海的海水自净周期，二是可以增加环渤海港口的货物吞吐量。
Bohai Sea: First, sea water self-purification cycle of Bohai sea will beshortened by the successful construction of the project. Second, the handlingcapacity of ports in Bohai sea region will be boosted.
8、旅游：西部优美的自然环境是很多人向往的地方，运河的开通，可以增加沿线旅游资源的开发和利用。
Tourism: The natural landscape in western China is fascinating.Construction of the canal will bring more opportunities for developing andutilizing tourism resources alone the canal.
9、国防：运河基本贯穿了我国的北方边境，可以有效的促进我国新疆和内蒙地区的经济发展，民族融合和文化交流，从而有效的加强中央政府对边疆地区的控制力，另外，国家对于部队人员和物资的运输将变的更加便捷。
National defense: The canal mostly runs across the northern border inChina, so the construction of the canal will significantly promote the economicdevelopment in Xijiang and Inner Mongolia, and national amalgamation as well ascultural exchanges, which in turn enhance the government control in the borderareas. In addition, the transportation for military forces and supplies will beeasier.
四、可行性：
Practicality:
1、经济可行性：（海水淡化项目可独立建设，不包括在该项目内）
Economic feasibility: (sea water desalination projects can be secludedfrom the canal construction)
支出：
Expense:
固定成本：设计河道宽50米，水深10米，长度2500千米，年蒸发量约2米水/平方米。每吨海水提升200米消耗1度电，每度电按照0.4元计算，提升高度1600米（1400米+200米），每吨海水提升1600米需要3.2元。以此计算，河道及港口建设费用（估算2500亿）。
Standing costs: The canal is 50 metersin width, 10 meters in depth and 2500 kilometers in length. The annual riverevaporation is two meters depth per square meter. It takes 1kw to lift the seawater 200 meter high per ton. If theelectric charge is 0.4 yuan per kilowatt, it will cost 3.2 yuan lifting the seawater by 1600 meters(1400 meter + 200 meter) per ton. Thus the estimated costof canal and ports construction is 250 billion yuan.
可变成本：运河管理费用（10亿），抽水费用（40亿），海水蒸发损失（8亿）。
Variable costs: Canal management costs 1 billion yuan.
Water pumping system costs 4billion yuan.
Sea water evaporation lossis 800 million yuan.
收入：按照新疆，内蒙，外蒙每年生产20亿吨煤炭，外运10亿吨煤炭计算，河道使用费50元/吨。以此计算，河道通行每年可收入（500亿），海水使用费未计算，未计算油气及矿产，以及从东向西运输的货物。
Revenue: If the annual coalproduction in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Mongolia is two billion tons, amongwhich one billion tons is transported to other regions, and the river accesscharge is 50 yuan per ton, the revenue of river access charge will be 50billion yuan per year. Sea water utilization charge is excluded. And thisestimation does not include oil, gas and other mineral resources transportedfrom eastern China to the west.
该工程为千年工程，建成后最多6年就可收回全部投资并开始盈利。最重要的是运河的开通将带动西部其他产业的快速发展，综合效益优良。
This project is a millennial project, and the investment will berecouped in less than six years after construction. The major advantage of theproject is that it will expedite the development of other industries in westernChina and the profits are promising.
2、环境可行性：
Environment feasibility:
运河河道将采用防渗漏技术，与流经区域淡水河流采用立交桥方式交叉，互不干扰，形象的比喻就是在内蒙古高原上摆了一个封闭的水槽，对当地的草原及水资源不会产生影响。对于海水淡化的副产品海盐，如果当地生产需要，就在西部销售掉，如果当地不需要，就装船再运回东部销售或撒回大海。
The waterway will apply leak prevention technology, with intersectionworking in overpass roadway in the flowing area wher the canal will not affectthe original rivers. Such idea can be described as a enclosed water channelupon Inner Mongolia Plateau, which does not make an impact on grassland andwater resources in the local area. Sea salt, the by-product of sea waterdesalination, can be sold in the west if it is needed in local production, andif not, the sea salt can be shipped back to the east or cast into the sea.
五、意义：
Significance of the Project
1、新辽大运河的修建，从短期来看，可以为我国当前经济结构调整过程中剩余劳动力转移就业提供了一条出路，在稳定经济增长的同时，也可以为国民经济结构调整赢取更多的时间。
The construction of Xinliao Canal, seen from the short-term effect, willprovide another way to transfer employment of surplus labor during the ongoingeconomic structural adjustment. It will not only stabilize the economicdevelopment, but also will win more time for the economic structural adjustmentin China.
2、新辽大运河的修建，从中期来看，可以有效的带动运河沿线的经济和产业发展，为西部大开发和东北老工业基地的发展注入新的动力。
Seen from the mid-term effect, Xinliao canal will bolster the economicand industrial development alongside the canal, so as to revitalize the WesternDevelopment and old industrial base in northeastern China.
3、新辽大运河的修建，从长期来看，可以对我国西部能源和矿产资源的开发，土地的利用，以及对我国能源保障，国防建设，环境治理等方面都将起到及其深远的意义。
Seen from the long-term effect, the construction of Xinliao canal willbring significance in development of resources and metal minerals in westernChina, utilization of land, energy security, national defense, environmentalprotection and other fields.
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